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Fundamental Terminologies

What is computer


Computer is an electronic device that takes input,process it and gives output. 
Any device that follows these four criteria that is computer.
  1. Device must be electronic.
  2. Device must take input.
  3. Device must process given input.
  4. Device must gives output.
examples:






General Purpose Computer

A general-purpose computer that performs several tasks like calculating, programming, playing music etc.
At home we use laptop or desktop that is general purpose computer. 
 

What is 0 and 1


  • There is nothing like 0 and 1 in computer. 
  • There is no physical significance of 0 and 1.
then what is 0 and 1?
 
0 and 1 is a sort of coding. Any information can be encoded as a sequence of 0 and 1.


How 0 and 1 get stored in memory

In Hard Disk


Hard Disk uses magnetic regions on the hard disk surface to represent these 1s and 0s. If the region is magnetized with the north pole facing up, it represents a 1. If the south pole is facing up, it represents a 0.
 A hard disk drive is a permanent memory because it saves data in magnetic regions.

In RAM (Random Access Memory)


 

In RAM when capacitor holds charge then it is noted as 1 and when capacitor doesn't hold charge then it's noted as 0.

A capacitor is a device that stores charge and  RAM is made of million of capacitors to hold charge that's why RAM is a volatile memory.

For information

1 TB ( Terabyte) = 1024 GB

1 GB (Gigabyte) = 1024 MB

1 MB (Megabyte) = 1024 KB

1 KB (Kilobyte) = 1024 Bytes

1 Bytes = 8 Bits

In Processor



Processor has also memory unit and  memory unit is made of lots of tiny resistors these are stored data. These resistors are made by flip-flop.

What is flip-flop?

A flip-flop is a circuit that stores 1 bit.  16 flip-flop circuits are combined and that is called 16 bit resistor and that 16 bit resistor stores sixteen 0 or 1. 

A Processor is also a volatile memory .

Now, we have understood what is 0 and 1.

In any device we store data in two states, one is called 1 and other is called 0. 

What is Hardware

Hardware is comprehensive term for all of the physical parts of a computer, as distinguished from the data it contains or operates on, and the software that provides instructions for the hardware to accomplish tasks.Hardware is anything which is tangible.

In easy way we can say , anything that is possible to touch or that is touchable that is called hardware.

Examples: Monitor, Mouse, Keyboard, Hard Disk, RAM etc.

What is a file


File is a data bundle or collection of information.
we can recognize
 from file extension what type of information could be in it. 
Example: we can see  above figure file 'tumbin.mp3'. we can tell what sort of file it is without even open it...... that is mp3 song's file.

What is software

Software is a set of instructions or programs instructing a computer to do specific tasks.




 







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